![]() ![]() England could barely afford the French occupation. Their rivalry undermined the English in France, and led eventually to the Wars of the Roses. Worse, on his deathbed he gave power-and responsibility for his infant heir-to a triumvirate of ambitious relatives, including the “rash and quarrelsome” Duke of Gloucester and the meddling Beaufort family. Henry V's sudden death in 1422 robbed England of its heroic leader. It hinged on an alliance with the powerful dukes of Burgundy, who detested their French rivals far more than their English ones. The English incursion was doomed from the outset. The population of Normandy, which saw most of the fighting, halved. Peasants were the pawns in this war of attrition. Juliet Barker's excellent new book, “Conquest”-which complements her previous works on medieval history-chronicles how family squabbles turned northern and western France into a chessboard of sieges and battles for 30 years. Jonathan Sumption's majestic three-volume history of the Hundred Years War, published over ten years from 1999, ends in 1399. Historians have paid relatively little attention to this burst of English power. But by 1453 the rejuvenated French had wrested back control, and only Calais remained. By 1420 he had easily conquered Normandy. His unexpectedly decisive victory over the French at Agincourt in 1415 whetted his appetite for the crown of France as well. The issues looked at are: the internal organisation and priorities of the presidency (Section 3), the negotiations of the draft Constitutional Treaty (Section 4), the external representation 1 The authors wish to thank Professor Helen Wallace for the valuable comments which she made on an earlier version of this paper.This English kingdom of France was the work of Henry's father, Henry V. Secondly, these roles are used as criteria to be applied to the empirical record of the German presidency, with the purpose of evaluating its overall performance. ![]() Firstly, four main roles are selected in order to benchmark presidencies (Section 2). presidency-specific elements came into play? We operationalise our research in four distinct steps. In empirical terms it evaluates the German presidency of 2007, addressing two crucial questions: was it a 'good' or 'bad' presidency, and which factors affected its performance? In particular, what. This discussion paper aims to make a small contribution to bringing these decidedly different approaches together to enable more substantive assessments of presidencies to take place. I end the article by criticising the disproportionate attention given to dual attribution in legal scholarship, given its limited practical utility. These are situations of two acts or omissions leading to one injury, derived responsibility, and the notion of piercing the corporate veil of international organisation. Second, dual attribution is distinguished from three forms of shared responsibility. First, I (a) define the concept of dual attribution, (b) demonstrate that dual attribution is possible under the current law of international responsibility, and (c) establish a typology of dual attribution. ![]() ![]() My aim is to clarify what dual attribution is, and what it is not. In this article I seek to determine whether, how, and when acts or omissions may be attributed both to an international organisation and a member State (dual attribution). Responsibility, and in particular attribution of conduct, is one of the most intensely debated issues of public international law in the last couple of decades. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |